Birds can be identified either by eye or by ear. Since this is a photography website, the focus of this section will be on visual identification. Learn about the equipment needed to observe birds.
A field guide such as The Sibley Guide to Birds is an essential aid for identifying and comparing birds. Since the table of contents and index is only useful if you already know the name of the bird, it helps to know what type of bird is in question, and then to match specific characteristics.
To do this, some criteria that can be applied include:
Shape and size - The overall shape and size of a bird will help narrow the search to a specific section of the field guide. Here are some examples of bird sizes and shapes. These characteristics are generally applicable since they can be applied even in low light conditions.
In some cases, the relative sizes or shapes of various parts such as the bill or head can differentiate two closely related species. Example
Geographic location and habitat - Physical location can help identify birds that live in a specific area.
Time of year - The breeding and/or winter range of many birds differs from their nonbreeding range, so knowing the season can help interpret range maps and determine whether a bird is likely to be in a certain area at a certain time.
Distinctive colors or markings - Specific identification of a bird species and its gender and age often requires matching colors or markings. This is more helpful for adult male birds since they are usually more colorful and decorative than females or juveniles. It also requires good lighting and reasonable proximity to the bird.
To describe different parts of birds, it often helps to know bird terminology.
Behavior - Sometimes, the way a bird flies, eats, interacts or reacts is unusual and can help identify it.
Finally, like everything else in life, bird identification gets easier with practice so don't give up! One way to gain more experience is to attend bird festivals.
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